International Economics Definition

What exactly international economics is and what it covers tend to depend on the views of the person using the definition. Roughly speaking, it covers economic interactions between countries such as international trade. More precisely, international economics is the field of study that deals with trade between countries. Topics in the Field of International Economics The following topics are a sample of those considered in the field of international economics: Exchange rates and flows of money between countries Free trade and trade disputes, such as the softwood lumber dispute Immigration and migration between countriesThe role regulations and shipping costs play on trade flowsHow differences in tax regimes influence a companys decisions on which countries to operate in International Economics - One Perspective The book International Economics: Global Markets and International Competition gives the following definition: International economics describes and predicts production, trade, and investment across countries. Wages and income rise and fall with international commerce even in large rich developed economies like the US. In many countries, international economics is a matter of life and death. Economics as a field began in England in the 1700s with a debate over issues of free international commerce, and the debate continues. Domestic industries pay politicians for protection against foreign competition. Institute for International Economics' Definition The Institute for International Economics examines a number of hot topics in international economics, such as outsourcing, US steel policy, the Chinese exchange rate, and trade and labor standards. International economists study questions such as How do sanctions on Iraq impact the lives of the common citizen in the country?, Do floating exchange rates cause financial instability?, and Does globalization lead to an erosion of labor standards?. Needless to say, international economists deal with some of the more controversial topics in economics.

Violent Media And Its Impact On Aggression - 1544 Words

Violent Media and Its Impact On Aggression In Adolescence In recent trends, adolescents in the United States are now experiencing an explosive rise in the usage of technology. There have been many technological advances since the 20th century such as the invention of the Internet, cellular devices, and other screens. However, the new generation of adolescents in America; the â€Å"millennials,† are the ones living through and experiencing this new economy and lifestyle. Millennials and many other young adolescents tend to use their free time to socialize and connect online, activities that are considered unchallenging and spend a lot of their time on devices that stream the media, such as: tablets, phones, and laptops. In modern times, about†¦show more content†¦The data was collected primarily through self-reported surveys and the research was conducted through several studies from experimental manipulations, longitudinal studies, and meta-analysis. The methods in t his study included 2,550 students and six separate models in order to compare data with a study measure that hypothesized that aggression can be linked to things such as: watching action movies, playing violent computer or video games, and using the Internet with violent content. Slater et al. (2003) proposed that adolescents experience the â€Å"downward spiral model† or â€Å"negative feedback loop† meaning that there is a back-and-forth correlation between aggression and violent media where while adolescents who are already aggressive tend to seek out violent media, the violent media exposure may also be a factor in increasing aggressive behaviors in interactors. Results show that violent media content reinforces aggressive and antisocial behaviors, especially in males. The models that have been presented has showed that exposure to these violent media content does affect adolescents in a sense that they have increased measures of aggressiveness. In a research journal by Gentile, Lynch, Linder, and Walsh (2004), mentions that playing violent video games can increase aggressive behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and other behavioral tendencies depending on third variableShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesto at looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the developmentRead More`` Not Here : If We re Truly Serious About Stopping Massacres Like1687 Words   |  7 Pagesoften take violent steps when they face these issues. Muller and other researchers claim that when inci dents like ‘running amok’ are decreasing among Malay tribes, violence and killing in industrial societies were rising. In order to stop mass shooting and massacre it is important to eliminate evil from society. Argument presented by the Metcalf seems right and accurate because incidents of mass killings are driven by the evil residing inside the human brain. Increasing popularity of violent video gamesRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Aggressive Behavior1590 Words   |  7 Pagescorrlation between violent media and aggressive behaviors in individuals. This paper represents an effort to provide a source for individuals who are interested to gain information on the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviors. Most of the peer-reviewed and scholary articles used in this paper provided conclusions that violent media have multiply harmful affects on individuals especially children. Krahà © and Mà ¶ller (2011) discussed the relationship between usage of violent media and aggressiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children And Youth990 Words   |  4 PagesEssentially since media is more violent than ever, and children and youth are getting more attracted to violent media. Studies on violent media shows a clear evidence that violence on media rises the possibility of aggressive behaviors in both short-term and long-term situations (Rowell Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Most researchers agree that aggressive behaviors are more disposed to the harmful impact of violence on media. The negative effect is much larger for younger children becauseRead MoreGeneral Aggression Model Of Human Aggression1280 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1. Violence Mechanism of GAM General Aggression Model (GAM) represents a theoretical basis for social-cognitive integrated model of human aggression, and aims at the interpretation of the connection between the motivation of aggression, and the following aggressive behavior, aggressive effect (i.e., physiological stimulation), aggressive cognition, (i.e., thoughts), reduced pro-social behavior, and reduced empathy (i.e., emotional facets) (Anderson and Bushman, 2001; Barlett and Anderson 2013)Read MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreIs Media Violence Pernicious?983 Words   |  4 PagesIs Media Violence Pernicious? In recent decades, the emergence of television and the internet have made information and entertainment alike more accessible than ever before. By extension, this increased availability encompasses violent entertainment as well. As access has risen, media violence has become a rather contentious issue. There is currently a stark division surrounding the topic between those who believe that violent media is pernicious, and those who believe it is harmless, or even catharticRead MoreMedia Aggression And Aggressive Behavior Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagesreview examined just how aggression and aggressive behavior is depicted in the media and how this impacts society’s perspectives and thoughts when it comes to aggression behavior. There was a review of the literature by the authors, in which they analyzed the relational and physical aspects of aggression in many media aspects (film, broadcast television, music, books, and video games). Findings across media types, the evidence finds that both physical and relational aggression are portrayed often andRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, likeRead MoreEffects Of Media Violence On Teenagers1509 Words   |  7 PagesEffects on Media Violence and Young Children and Teenagers Violence and aggression have been seen often in nowadays media through music, commercials, video games, television and movies. Many argue whether the violence in media makes impact on people. Some claim there is no correlation between violence in media and reality. Christopher Ferguson, an associate professor in Psychology at Stetson University said â€Å"Basically, by †¦ playing first-person shooter video game †¦ you keep them off the streets

Current Change Management Theories-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Research Current Change Management theory explain clearly what Current research literature is saying about Change. Answer: Introduction Change management is an important aspect of every organization as various changes are taking place in the business environment. These changes in the business environment must be dealt with the business in an effective manner so as to enhance the performance of the business. Change management can be defined as a process which provides a direction to the manner in which preparation related to equipment, people and strategies need to be done for adopting change which enhances the chances of growth and success. Every organisation faces different issues such as a change in the structure, change in job roles, the technology used and level of competition in the business environment. Different change management theories and models are available which can be used by the organisations for the implementation of the change. These theories and models include McKinsey 7 S Model, Kotters change management theory, cultural web, Lewins Change Management Model, ADKAR model, Nudge Theory, Kbler-Ross Fi ve Stage Model and Bridges Transition Model. Figure 1: Change Management Source: (Collins, 2017) Change Management Theories Change management is a crucial aspect for every organisation. Changes occur in the business environment due to various factors. Change management is vital for the business for the purpose of increasing engagement, minimising resistance, improving the performance of the employees as well as organisations, reduction in the cost and promoting innovations. There are various advantages of change management and these advantages include effective system is developed which helps in delivering quality services, no impact on the routine operations, promotes loyalty among the employees and reduction in the cost of the business (Tudor, 2014). Change management theories or models need to be applied for initiating change so as to reduce the negative impact of these changes on the performance of the business. The process of change management includes adaption to change, controlling the change, implementing the change. Different types of changes can take place which can affect the performance and op erations of the organisation. These different types of changes include tactical changes, technological changes, structural changes, strategic changes and leadership changes. These different types of changes can affect performance, operations and growth chances of the organisation (Smith, 2013). For the purpose of minimising the impact of these changes, there is a need to apply change management theories or models. Different theories and models for change management are discussed below: Cultural web: this approach for change management is used for analysing the culture of the organisation and implementing the change for changing the culture of the organisation. This approach helps in the analysis of the culture of the organisation so as to analyse the gap between the current position and future position where the organisation wants to reach. This helps in the setting priorities and formulating plans for coping with the gaps (Sun, 2008). This approach includes six elements which are stories, rituals and routines, symbols, the structure of the organisation, power structure and control systems. McKinsey 7 S Model: this model includes 7 steps or stages for the management of change. These steps include strategy, structure, system, style, staff, shared values and skills. Strategies are prepared in this model so as to implement them for the implementation of change. This model helps in deciding the structure which business has to adapt for the change management along with the manner in which tasks will be performed for managing change. Values are adopted which need to be followed by the internal stakeholders of the business and developing skills of the employees for implementing change in an effective manner (Jurevicius, 2013). All these stages are followed so as to formulate a plan for the implementation of change. Managers can use this model for developing an understanding of the manner in which organisation is operating. This model enables the managers so combine emotional and practical components of the change for better implementation as well as covering every aspect. Mana gers can implement the technological changes, structural changes, political and legal factors and increasing competition in an effective manner by using this model (Mourfield, 2014). Kotters change management theory: John P. Kotter has developed this theory. This theory is an effective model used for the management of change. It is divided into eight stages for the implementation of change in a better manner. The first stage of this model includes the development of the need for change so as to formulate a base and guiding the next steps. The second stage includes motivating and encouraging employees for gaining their support (Auguste, 2013). In the next stage, the focus is on setting a clear vision for taking initiative towards the proposed change. Next step includes communicating the need of change among the employees. Next step includes allocating roles and responsibilities among the employees for gaining support. Next step includes setting short term goals which organisation needs to achieve. Next stage includes constant efforts for the implementation of the change (Kotter International, 2017). The last step is to implement the change as goals are clearly def ined, roles and responsibilities are allocated and proper planning is done for the implementation of change. Managers can use this eight stages model for formulating plans for implementing the change in a sequence without skipping or missing out any important aspect. Managers can use this model as it enables the managers to follow and incorporate in an easy way. Managers prefer this model as it helps in accepting the change and preparing for the acceptance (Galvin Clark, 2015). Lewins Change Management Model: this model was developed by Kurt Lewin. Lewins model is an effective model for the change management. This model of change management has helped in developing the understanding of the structural and organisational change. This model includes three stages which are unfreeze, change and refreeze. The first stage is unfreeze in which focus is on preparing for the changes (Calder, A. M., 2013). This stage helps in the analysis of the need for change so as to analyse the factors which can resist change. The second stage is changed in which changes take For the implementation of the change, there is a need to analyse the aspects and utilise the leadership, communication motivational and monitoring skills for ensuring the desired outcome. The third stage of this model is refreeze in which focus is on bringing the organisation on stabilised phase. This is done for ensuring that the changes are followed all the time. Managers can use this model of change manage ment for analysing the changes in a clear manner, implementation of the change and bring the operations of the organisation to normal and routine mode (Hussain, 2016). Managers can implement the change in the organisation and attain the stable condition. Nudge Theory: nudge theory is used for the analysis of the behaviour of the individual and decision-making process adopted by the individual. It is vital for the managers to analyse the decision-making process of the employees and behaviour of the employees. This theory will help the managers in analysing the feelings, opinions of the employees and knowledge so as to gain support from the employees for the implementation of the change (Prager, 2012). This theory can be used for the analysis of the existing influence which is affecting the performance of the employees and eliminating the aspects which are affecting the implementation of proposed change. Managers can use this theory for analysing the behaviour of the employees towards the proposed change (Monahan, et. al., 2016). ADKAR model: this model can be used by the managers for the purpose of analysis of the gaps in the current state and the future state. Identification of this gap helps in analysing the measures which can be used for the implementation of the proposed change. The motive behind using this model of change management is to providing support to the employees for coping with the implementation process of change management. This model helps in dealing with the resistance faced by the managers due to the resisting factors (Kazmi and Naarananoja, 2013). This model helps in dividing the change into different parts so as to ensure the effective implementation of the change. ADKAR model includes 5 elements which include awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement. Awareness includes analysing the needs and requirement of change. Desire includes taking part in the implementation process of the change. Knowledge includes the manner in which change will be implemented. Ability includes implementation of the change on regular basis. Reinforcement includes implementation on a regular basis so as to ensure that changes are followed in the organisation (Lowery, 2010). Force field analysis: there are various forces which have the potential to create an impact on the process of change management. These forces or factors are bifurcated into two segments which are driving forces and restraining forces. Driving forces promotes the change and provide support in the implementation of the change (Swanson Creed, 2013). Restraining forces are those forces which act as a resisting element and affect the implementation process of change. Managers can apply this model of change management for analysing the factors which will support the proposed change and helps in implementing the proposed change. Managers can analyse the restraining factors and strategies can be adopted for coping with the restraining factors (Phillips, 2013). Conclusion Change management is a structural approach which provides guidance to the organisation for moving from the current position to the future position. Organisations need to adopt changes for coping with the changing business environment. Different challenges are being faced by the business which results in an adverse impact on the performance of the business. These changes include a change in the structure, change the economic conditions, change in the legal and political aspects, change in the technology, socio-culture change, resistance from the employees and rising competition. Different change management theories can be applied for coping with these changes and changing the manner in which business operates. These theories will help in enhancing the performance of the business and performing the operations in an effective manner. These theories can be used for the formulation of plans for the implementation of the proposed change in the business. Recommendations The business environment in which business exists is changing due to which performance of the business is getting affected. It is vital for a business to deal with these changing aspects of the business environment. For the implementation of the change in an effective manner, managers need to analyse the changes in an effective manner. This analysis will help in analysing the issues which can resist to the implementation process of change. Support of the employees is an important aspect as this support helps in implementing the proposed change and performing the operations in a proper manner. Managers need to develop various skills such as communication skills, leadership skills, motivational skills and monitoring skills so as to cope with the resistance faced by the organisation. These skills will managers to analyse the need of change in a better manner and ensuring the support from the employees. Managers must ensure that the working environment of the business is flexible so as t o implement the change and for gaining the support from the employees for implementing proposed change. Managers must analyse the effect of the change on the future performance of the business. Implementation of the proposed change must be done after analysing the outcome of the change. References Auguste, J., 2013, Applying Kotters 8-Step Process for Leading Change to the Digital Transformation of an Orthopedic Surgical Practice Group in Toronto, Canada, J Health Med Informat. Calder, A. M., 2013, Organizational Change: Models for Successfully Implementing Change, Undergraduate Honors Theses, Paper 144. Collins, R., 2017, For Change Management To Work The Reason Must Be Compelling, APQC. Galvin, T. P. Clark, L. D., 2015, Beyond Kotters Leading Change: A Broad Perspective on Organizational Change for Senior U.S. Military Leaders, United States Army War College Department of Command, Leadership, and Management. Hussain, S. T., Akram, S. L. T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H. Ali, M., 2016, Kurt Lewin's change model: A critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change, Journal of Innovation Knowledge. Jurevicius, O., 2013, McKinsey 7s Model, Strategic management insight. Kazmi, S. A. Z. and Naarananoja, M., 2013, Collection of Change Management Models An Opportunity to Make the Best Choice from the Various Organizational Transformational Techniques, GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR), Vol.2, No.4. Kotter International, 2017, 8-Step process, Kotter International. Lowery, M. S., 2010, Change Management in a Dynamic Information Technology Environment: Inquiries into the Adkar Model for Change Management Results, Regis University. Monahan, K., Murphy, T. Johnson, M., 2016, Humanizing Change: Developing more effective change management strategies, Deloitte Review. Mourfield, R., 2014, Organizational Change: A Guide to Bringing Everyone on Board, SPEA. Phillips, S. W., 2013, Using Volunteers in Policing: A Force Field Analysis of American Supervisors, SAGE Journals. Prager, K., 2012, How to apply theories of behaviour change to SEWeb and related public engagement activities, Scotlands Environment. Smith, C., 2013, Important Theories of Change Management, Change. Sun, S., 2008, Organizational Culture and Its Themes, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 12. Swanson, D. J. Creed, A. S., 2013, Sharpening the Focus of Force Field Analysis, Journal of Change Management, 12 (1). Tudor, L., 2014, Change Management Challenge and Opportunity for Sustainable Development of Romanian Companies, Proceedings of the 8th International Management Conference.

Sonnet 130 Essays - Sonnet 130, Sonnet, BookShakespeares Sonnets

Sonnet 130 ?Sonnet 130? sounds as if it is mocking all of the other poems of Shakespeare's era. Love poems of this time period made women about out to be superficial goddesses. ?Sonnet 130? takes the love poem to a deeper, more intimate level where looks are no longer important and it is inner beauty that matters. Shakespeare paints this picture using a wonderful combination of metaphors and a simile. He starts the poem out with a simile comparing his mistress' eyes to the sun. He then quickly switches over to using the metaphors to compare the rest of his mistress' characteristics, such as her breasts to snow and hair to wires. This poem is written in the traditional Shakespearean sonnet form. It has three quatrains and a couplet. The rhyme scheme for the poem is ababcdcdefefgg The a sound is made of an ?-un? rhyme while the b sound is made of an ?-ed? rhyme. The sound of c is an ?-ite? rhyme and the sound of d is a rhyme of ?-eeks.? The e and f sounds are rhymes of ?-o? and ?-ound? respectively and the g sound is a rhyme of ?-are?, which ends the poem. As to where the setting of this poem is written, I would have to agree with Helen Vendlers view on this. It seems as though Shakespeare had just finished reading a sonnet of the era that was written about someone's mistress having eyes like the sun and lips as red as coral. When he sat down and wrote a poem that said the mistress in the latters poem must be a goddess. His was not, but he loved her anyway for what she was not what she was not. This poem was made to be a mocking view of all the other love poems around. I feel that the format of this sonnet in terms of content and Shakespeare's feelings served two purposes. He wanted first to convey the image that even though his mistress was not as fair as one would hope for, they seemed to share some kind of kinship or bond that no other could share with him, not even his wife. It did not matter to him that she was not as pretty, but only that she is on the same wavelength that he is. Secondly, I feel that he is explaining the fact that he does not necessarily want a mistress that is ravishing, and that all of the qualities that other men see in women are not his own and in fact repulse him. He says in line 13 that he loves the woman and that is rare or extraordinary. Which simply means that he cannot believe that he actually does like another woman that is not beautiful to every extent but she offers something more than just good looks, companionship. The picture of true unconditional love is best presented in William Shakespeare's ?Sonnet 130.? Though his lover's lips are not full, he yearns for them. Though her cheeks are not rosy, he feels her glow. Her hair is certainly not soft and her breath does not project sweet perfume, but he is still truly captivated. She cannot sing to save her life, yet he loves to hear her voice. When she walks you would not call her graceful but he still cherishes her clumsy strides. This is a poem written by a man that has learned to love with his heart and not his eyes. Shakespeare Essays