The Causes of Eating Disorders Essay -- Expository Cause Effect Essays

The Causes of Eating Disorders There is no single cause for eating disorders. A number of factors, including cultural and family pressures, chemical imbalances, and emotional and personality disorders collaborate to produce both anorexia and bulimia, although each disorder is determined by different combinations of these influences. Genetics may also play a small role. Between 40% to 96% of all eating-disordered patients experience depression and anxiety disorders; depression is also common in families of patients with eating disorders. Bulimic patients are more likely to report having emotional disorders and dysfunctional families than are anorexic-restrictor patients. It is not clear, however, whether emotional disorders are causes, results, or both, of eating disorders. Some experts claim that depression does not play a causal role, particularly in anorexia, because eating disorders are rarely cured when antidepressant medication alone is the treatment. The severity of the eating disorder is also not correlated with the severity of any existing depression. In addition, depression often improves after anorexic patients begin to gain weight. On the other hand, a number of studies have detected in some people with severe anorexia and bulimia abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain), particularly serotonin, that are associated with depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These neurotransmitters remain unstable even in recovering patients. Studies are finding that low blood levels of the amino acid tryptophan, a component in food that is essential to the production of serotonin, can produce depression and may also contribute to bulimia. During the dieting stage between binge... ... bingeing and purging by slowing down, thereby increasing the risk of weight gain from even normal calorie intake. The process of vomiting and use of laxatives may stimulate the production of natural opioids -- narcotics in the brain that cause an addiction to the bulimic cycle. Biologic Causes for the Perpetuation of Anorexia Nervosa. Hunger often intensifies depression, which can further reduce self-esteem and confidence, increasing the need for renewed vigilance over weight control, thus perpetuating the cycle. On the other hand, some experts believe that certain anorectic people inherit an unusual amount of natural narcotics that are released in the brain under conditions of starvation and may promote an addiction to the starved state. Starvation can also give a false sense of fullness due to reduced stomach activity, making it increasingly easy not to eat.

Balanced Scorecard in Telecom

Performance measurement concerns all stake holders of business. Owners without executive powers are obviously most keen to know how their savings and investments are deployed. Employees, especially the ones with many alternate career options, would also like to know the state of health of their organizations, apart from the aspect of how superiors view their contributions. Suppliers worry about the future prospects of the business of a client because it has cascading effects on their own fortunes.Finally, regulators use corporate performance as feedback of macro-economic policies; customers also have tangential interests in the well-being of service providers and manufacturers on whom they depend. There is an increasing disconnect between statutory financial reporting and statements by executive teams about the states of enterprises for which they are responsible. There are many significant events in a corporation’s history which do not find places in profit and loss accounts or in balance sheets.Further, all statutory reporting is historical, whereas many modern lines of business such as telecommunications are in very fluid states. Everyone wants to know the future impacts of present developments, rather than what has already transpired in the past. There is an explosion of interest in non-financial information (Neef, and Cefola). Trends in customer loyalty and retention, development of more effective human resources, the capabilities of corporation to meet future competitive pressures, and the internal ‘engine-room’ operations are typical areas about which little is known through traditional financial reporting.While executives must be pleased at the lack of comprehensive business intelligence for competitors, the lack of directional information can lead to poor coordination and loss of control inside a corporation. All levels of hierarchy require guidance in terms of overall strategy, and how broad directions bear on individual jobs. The concept of a Balanced Scorecard is a popular and widely respected method of translating strategy in to specific implementationThis document constructs a hypothetical case of a telecom company, and attempts the application of the Balanced Scorecard methodology to translate the strategy of this company in to reality. The document concludes with an appraisal of the utility of the method. Business Distinctions of Telecom It is useful to consider the broad structure of the global telecom industry in order to construct a hypothetical case of some relevance.Telecom has shot in to the limelight of late after dramatic developments in technology and extensive consolidation of the industry structure as well. The industry shares a high profile with consumers and regulators alike. The telecom business is integral to modernization of society (Bonocore, 2001). High speed, wireless communication networks have transformed lives, bringing what was almost science fiction to the realm of reality. It is now possible to stay in touch with the world from the comfort of a home, and save on travel and commute times.Convergence between mobile or cellular telephones and computers is another major trend, and the revolution in the work-place of old is now in the process of unfolding at homes, with developments such as Internet telephones and music downloads from this medium as well. The industry is full of dramatic discontinuities; some of these are due to mergers and acquisitions, while the rest is because of disruptive changes in technology (Bonocore, 2001). The technological changes are likely to continue, with exponential jumps in processing speeds of micro-processors, while costs are headed distinctly south.The huge and rapid technological improvements keep creating excess capacities (Bonocore, 2001). The fixed infrastructure costs of telecom players are not sustainable, unless price reductions spur major jumps in demand. There is a fierce battle to capture new customers, to induce t hem to use their telephones as much as possible, and to hold on to them as well. Regulatory changes are breaking restrictions, as between local and long distance telephony (Bonocore, 2001). Large global players can also now break in to new domestic territories.The industry nature as outlined above makes non-financial parameters as important drivers of success (Neef, and Cefola). It is therefore eminently suited for the application of the Balanced Scorecard methodology (Tenhunen, Ukko, Markus, Oy, and Rantanen, 2002). Hypothetical Case Construction Telephone and Data Systems Inc. is a real company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Form 10-K, 1998). It is a diversified telecommunications operator in the United States, and participates in both the wireless and line telephone segments.A hypothetical case has been created in this document on the historical basis of the company’s 10-K statement for 1997, presented to the Securities and Exchanges Commission in 1998 (Form 10-K, 1998). This document details the company’s strategy exactly a decade ago. The Balanced Scorecard methodology can be applied to this historical but factual situation in a hypothetical way. The numbers and facts in the following paragraphs are not entirely factual, with some simplifications made for the purpose of clarity. Telephone Data Systems Inc.is a relatively small and niche player in the telecom industry. It does not operate at all outside of the United States, and serves customers in only 36 States of its home country. It has less than 10 million customers. The company depends on the United States Cellular Corporation for its wireless services, which includes broad band, and has a wholly owned subsidiary for this line of business. The company operates printing and distribution activities through Suttle Straus, Inc in which it has a controlling stake.TDS is focused on rural and suburban USA. It has about 11 thousand employees. Its basic approach is to combine organic gro wth with appropriate acquisitions. It operates each lines of business through a company which it either owns wholly or controls. The company has proprietary access to technology which reduces noise, provides seamless inter-connections, and which also offers cost advantages. Its network is capable of upgrades for value-added services. However, the company does also need to enter new technology areas.The company focuses on geographic clusters in order to control costs, but emphasizes full customer satisfaction in its chosen clusters. Overall, the broad strategy of Telephone Data Systems Inc. is to hold a leadership position in rural and suburban America, making necessary investments to support such a competitive advantage. An Overview of the Balanced Scorecard Concept It is useful at this junction to consider the general nature and principles of the Balanced Scorecard before the concept is applied to the hypothetical case constructed as above.The Balanced Scorecard is essentially a wa y of translating strategic concepts in to action (Keyes, 2005). It can also be used for holistic performance appraisal of an organization. The Balanced Scorecard seeks to integrate the contributions of all stake holders and levels of an organization for the joint implementation of strategic goals (Kaplan, 2002). It eliminates gaps between visionary thinking at the top of an organization and the daily actions of people up to the periphery. The Balanced Scorecard makes a large corporation nimble and responsive.The Balanced Scorecard was first introduced in the early 1990, and is now used by about half of all U. S. corporations (Neely, 2002). Measurement is crucial for building teams and common commitments (Kaplan, 2002). This is at the heart of the Balanced Scorecard system. These measures are a part of a cause and effect link spanning the entire organization; each measure is linked to an organizational outcome. The Balanced Scorecard is built along 4 axes: the financial perspectives drive customer values, while the internal perspectives focus on productivity, and value creation.The customer perspective gives body to differentiation, while the learning and growth perspective dwells on human resources, systems, business climate, and organization culture. Overall the Balanced Scorecard is a means of implementing strategy, and works primarily through simple and transparent measurement of financial and qualitative goals (Neely, 2002). Implementation Priorities and Sequencing This section relates to the hypothetical case constructed earlier in the document. Telephone Data Systems Inc.is ready with a strategy and would like to use the Balanced Scorecard to ensure measured and effective implementation. The process must start with widespread communication of the evolved strategy, because this has been prepared by a mere handful of the most senior and trusted executives in the company (Mai, and Akerson, 2003). Telephone Data Systems Inc. has more than 11 thousand employe es, and the Balanced Scorecard system requires that each of them understands what their company wishes to achieve and how (Kaplan, 2002).Some people are formally employees of owned or controlled, but independent entities: they must also be carried in the massive effort to implement the strategy quickly and well. Share holders, financiers, and technology associates are other stake holders with important roles in strategy execution, so they too must know the direction their company has chosen to take. Finally, competitors also need to be aware of the nuances of company strategy since the industry is in a phase of consolidation.Overall, the management should make special efforts to carry people with them by integration with the Human Resources Management strategy (Kearns, 2003) and by viewing the organization as a living being Communication with such a large and diversified audience is likely to suffer from both dilution as well as distortion (Segil, and Goldsmith, J, 2002). Further, t he subject matter is a top management prerogative, so any word from anyone other than the Chief Executive Officer, will not carry adequate weight or authority (Kaplan, 2002)This communication issue is also an opportunity for the company to showcase its strengths. The Chief Executive Officer, apart from physical one-on-one meetings with the most influential stake holders, decides to use email and video conferencing infrastructure to communicate interactively with each stake holder directly. The core message is that Telephone Data Systems Inc. will be the leader in telecommunications within rural and suburban America. The company will back this super-ordinate aim with all the financial and non-financial investments needed for its realization.The Chief Executive Officer and the core strategy team have decided to launch the Balanced Scorecard on a pilot basis before extending the methodology throughout the Group (Tenhunen, Ukko, Markus, Oy, and Rantanen, 2002). This will serve as a lear ning process and will help the company deal with the potential problems which such a process may entail. Telephone Data Systems Inc. is new to the Balanced Scorecard, and it is known that some phases of the process, such as tying personal remuneration with measured goal achievement may cause instabilities.

Essay on heart of darkness - 1844 Words

Various parallels can be drawn when comparing and contrasting Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Frank Coppolas quot;Apocalypse Nowquot;, while taking into consideration Heart of Darkness is a novella and quot;Apocalypse Nowquot; is a film. These differences and similarities can be seen in themes, characters, events and other small snippets of information including anything from quoted lines to strange actions of the main characters. Both pieces follow the same story line but they are presented in different contexts, allowing for many differences as well as the ability to see how Conrad is able to write a piece of literature that can be transposed to many different settings regardless the time period and still convey the same†¦show more content†¦In Apocalypse Now, Captain Willard utters the line quot;cut em in half with a machine gun and give em a Band-Aid. It was a lie. And the more I saw them, the more I hated lies.quot; The central theme in this line can be seen in bot h quot;Apocalypse Nowquot; and Heart of Darkness. Essentially, this line depicts the truth of colonialism and imperialism, stating that we have the `best intentions and are going to civilize savages, even if we have to kill them, just to gain a sense of control and power. Unlike Heart of Darkness, quot;Apocalypse Nowquot; shows the Americans viewpoint on communism, do to the setting and time period and pulls in some political viewpoints based on the era. The United States, is horrified at the socialist idea that power at the top falls, and one reformed class is created. The United States is afraid that since Vietnam was a communist country that they might have influence on other countries, thus creating a sense of inferiority. Yet another parallel can be drawn between the actions of the characters and elements of the setting. Though it is in slightly different contexts, there are similarities between the French ships shelling into the jungle and Willards crew aimlessly shooting in the jungle. In Heart of Darkness Marlows steamboat passes a French steamer thatShow MoreRelatedHeart of Darkness1958 Words   |  8 PagesSTUDY GUIDE Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness Each detail to which your attention is drawn by the Study Guide is part of the puzzle of Heart of Darkness. It is important to notice the details, to ponder them, to see how patterns repeat themselves, and to see how the pieces fit together. Marlows journey and your reading about the journey require constant alertness, discipline, patience, and a willingness to look for what is not immediately apparent. Section 1 A. The Thames Setting 1. NoticeRead More The Darkness of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Light and Dark of Colonialism in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the opening of his novel, Heart of Darkness, Conrad, through Marlow, establishes his thoughts on colonialism. He says that conquerors only use brute force, nothing to boast of because it arises, by accident, from anothers weakness. Marlow compares his subsequent tale of colonialism with that of the Roman colonization of Northern Europe and the fascination associated with such an endeavor. However, Marlow challenges this viewpointRead MoreThe Meaning Of Heart Of Darkness Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesNishi Natalia AP Literature Comp The Meaning of Heart of Darkness Although, as a society, we discourage the process of not judging a book by its cover, we have all been guilty of doing it at some point. The first item we look at when we pick up a new book is the title and the cover as a whole. These are two key components when it comes to using our heuristics to decide if a book is worthwhile reading or not. With only two items to judge by, each has to hold significant importance in orderRead MoreHeart of Darkness Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pages1. Some critics believe that in Heart of Darkness Conrad illustrates how ‘’the darkness of the landscape can lead to the darkness of the social corruption.† This statement means that if the environment is dark, then the people in that environment will match the surrounding feeling, which is dark and depressing. For example, if it is a gloomy rainy day, most people feel tired and not as happy. If it is a bright sunny day, the most people feel motivated to get things done and joyful . Yes, thisRead MoreHeart of Darkness Paper984 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, is an intriguing and extremely disturbing portrayal of mans surrender to his carnal nature when all external trappings of civilization are removed. This novel excellently portrays the shameful ways in which the Europeans exploited the Africans: physically, socially, economically, and spiritually. Throughout the nineteenth century, Europeans treated their African counterparts savagely. They were beaten, driven from their homes, and enslaved. Heart of DarknessRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness981 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness The nightmare of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is found in its stark portrayal of madness under the influence of an environment filled with desolation. Its protagonist, Mr. Kurtz, was raised amongst civilized people, adapted virtues that were regarded proper in society during the Victorian era, yet when he travels into the Congo, where these qualities are of no consequence, he abandons them to become wild. To understand how Kurtz fell to this emotional corruptness, a readerRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness1208 Words   |  5 PagesJoseph Conrads The Heart of Darkness is a dark and haunting tale about the search for a substantial and mysteriously powerful man named Mr. Kurtz. Heart of Darkness centers around Marlow, a sailor and also narrator of the novella. Throughout the work, Conrad uses an array of literary devices to suggest his style of writing. The title of the work itself, The Heart of Darkness, is an example of the use of metaphor. Darkness is a significant part of the books title conceptually. However, it isRead More Heart of Darkness Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness Darkness permeates every circumstance, scene, and character in Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness. Darkness symbolizes the moral confusion that Charlie Marlow encounters, as well as the moral reconciliation he has within himself while searching for Kurtz. Marlows morals are challenged numerous times throughout the book; on the Congo river and when he returns to Brussels. Charlie Marlow characterizes the behavior of the colonialists with, The flabby, pretendingRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness934 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness The dark thoughts, which are usually ignored and not allowed to be brought up in conversation, are pushed back into the remote corners of the mind, but have the ability to run free when man is in his most vulnerable state. Sleep, the unconscious. It is in dreams where twisted stories of malevolence and horror take place. The soul’s core is full of sin from the first minute man is born. Even Adam, the original man, who was born when the earth began its timeline, has sin runningRead MoreHeart of Darkness Essay4410 Words   |  18 PagesThe Visions of Light Vs Darkness When Joseph Conrad composed Heart of Darkness he created a literary masterpiece which embodied the essence of light contrasting with darkness. Throughout the novel Conrad constantly utilizes the images of light and dark and uses them to mold a vision, which the reader is then able to use to decipher the literal and metaphorical meanings of the novel. As Conrad said, my task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word to make you hear, to

International Economics Definition

What exactly international economics is and what it covers tend to depend on the views of the person using the definition. Roughly speaking, it covers economic interactions between countries such as international trade. More precisely, international economics is the field of study that deals with trade between countries. Topics in the Field of International Economics The following topics are a sample of those considered in the field of international economics: Exchange rates and flows of money between countries Free trade and trade disputes, such as the softwood lumber dispute Immigration and migration between countriesThe role regulations and shipping costs play on trade flowsHow differences in tax regimes influence a companys decisions on which countries to operate in International Economics - One Perspective The book International Economics: Global Markets and International Competition gives the following definition: International economics describes and predicts production, trade, and investment across countries. Wages and income rise and fall with international commerce even in large rich developed economies like the US. In many countries, international economics is a matter of life and death. Economics as a field began in England in the 1700s with a debate over issues of free international commerce, and the debate continues. Domestic industries pay politicians for protection against foreign competition. Institute for International Economics' Definition The Institute for International Economics examines a number of hot topics in international economics, such as outsourcing, US steel policy, the Chinese exchange rate, and trade and labor standards. International economists study questions such as How do sanctions on Iraq impact the lives of the common citizen in the country?, Do floating exchange rates cause financial instability?, and Does globalization lead to an erosion of labor standards?. Needless to say, international economists deal with some of the more controversial topics in economics.

Violent Media And Its Impact On Aggression - 1544 Words

Violent Media and Its Impact On Aggression In Adolescence In recent trends, adolescents in the United States are now experiencing an explosive rise in the usage of technology. There have been many technological advances since the 20th century such as the invention of the Internet, cellular devices, and other screens. However, the new generation of adolescents in America; the â€Å"millennials,† are the ones living through and experiencing this new economy and lifestyle. Millennials and many other young adolescents tend to use their free time to socialize and connect online, activities that are considered unchallenging and spend a lot of their time on devices that stream the media, such as: tablets, phones, and laptops. In modern times, about†¦show more content†¦The data was collected primarily through self-reported surveys and the research was conducted through several studies from experimental manipulations, longitudinal studies, and meta-analysis. The methods in t his study included 2,550 students and six separate models in order to compare data with a study measure that hypothesized that aggression can be linked to things such as: watching action movies, playing violent computer or video games, and using the Internet with violent content. Slater et al. (2003) proposed that adolescents experience the â€Å"downward spiral model† or â€Å"negative feedback loop† meaning that there is a back-and-forth correlation between aggression and violent media where while adolescents who are already aggressive tend to seek out violent media, the violent media exposure may also be a factor in increasing aggressive behaviors in interactors. Results show that violent media content reinforces aggressive and antisocial behaviors, especially in males. The models that have been presented has showed that exposure to these violent media content does affect adolescents in a sense that they have increased measures of aggressiveness. In a research journal by Gentile, Lynch, Linder, and Walsh (2004), mentions that playing violent video games can increase aggressive behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and other behavioral tendencies depending on third variableShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesto at looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the developmentRead More`` Not Here : If We re Truly Serious About Stopping Massacres Like1687 Words   |  7 Pagesoften take violent steps when they face these issues. Muller and other researchers claim that when inci dents like ‘running amok’ are decreasing among Malay tribes, violence and killing in industrial societies were rising. In order to stop mass shooting and massacre it is important to eliminate evil from society. Argument presented by the Metcalf seems right and accurate because incidents of mass killings are driven by the evil residing inside the human brain. Increasing popularity of violent video gamesRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Aggressive Behavior1590 Words   |  7 Pagescorrlation between violent media and aggressive behaviors in individuals. This paper represents an effort to provide a source for individuals who are interested to gain information on the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviors. Most of the peer-reviewed and scholary articles used in this paper provided conclusions that violent media have multiply harmful affects on individuals especially children. Krahà © and Mà ¶ller (2011) discussed the relationship between usage of violent media and aggressiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children And Youth990 Words   |  4 PagesEssentially since media is more violent than ever, and children and youth are getting more attracted to violent media. Studies on violent media shows a clear evidence that violence on media rises the possibility of aggressive behaviors in both short-term and long-term situations (Rowell Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Most researchers agree that aggressive behaviors are more disposed to the harmful impact of violence on media. The negative effect is much larger for younger children becauseRead MoreGeneral Aggression Model Of Human Aggression1280 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1. Violence Mechanism of GAM General Aggression Model (GAM) represents a theoretical basis for social-cognitive integrated model of human aggression, and aims at the interpretation of the connection between the motivation of aggression, and the following aggressive behavior, aggressive effect (i.e., physiological stimulation), aggressive cognition, (i.e., thoughts), reduced pro-social behavior, and reduced empathy (i.e., emotional facets) (Anderson and Bushman, 2001; Barlett and Anderson 2013)Read MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreIs Media Violence Pernicious?983 Words   |  4 PagesIs Media Violence Pernicious? In recent decades, the emergence of television and the internet have made information and entertainment alike more accessible than ever before. By extension, this increased availability encompasses violent entertainment as well. As access has risen, media violence has become a rather contentious issue. There is currently a stark division surrounding the topic between those who believe that violent media is pernicious, and those who believe it is harmless, or even catharticRead MoreMedia Aggression And Aggressive Behavior Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagesreview examined just how aggression and aggressive behavior is depicted in the media and how this impacts society’s perspectives and thoughts when it comes to aggression behavior. There was a review of the literature by the authors, in which they analyzed the relational and physical aspects of aggression in many media aspects (film, broadcast television, music, books, and video games). Findings across media types, the evidence finds that both physical and relational aggression are portrayed often andRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, likeRead MoreEffects Of Media Violence On Teenagers1509 Words   |  7 PagesEffects on Media Violence and Young Children and Teenagers Violence and aggression have been seen often in nowadays media through music, commercials, video games, television and movies. Many argue whether the violence in media makes impact on people. Some claim there is no correlation between violence in media and reality. Christopher Ferguson, an associate professor in Psychology at Stetson University said â€Å"Basically, by †¦ playing first-person shooter video game †¦ you keep them off the streets

Current Change Management Theories-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Research Current Change Management theory explain clearly what Current research literature is saying about Change. Answer: Introduction Change management is an important aspect of every organization as various changes are taking place in the business environment. These changes in the business environment must be dealt with the business in an effective manner so as to enhance the performance of the business. Change management can be defined as a process which provides a direction to the manner in which preparation related to equipment, people and strategies need to be done for adopting change which enhances the chances of growth and success. Every organisation faces different issues such as a change in the structure, change in job roles, the technology used and level of competition in the business environment. Different change management theories and models are available which can be used by the organisations for the implementation of the change. These theories and models include McKinsey 7 S Model, Kotters change management theory, cultural web, Lewins Change Management Model, ADKAR model, Nudge Theory, Kbler-Ross Fi ve Stage Model and Bridges Transition Model. Figure 1: Change Management Source: (Collins, 2017) Change Management Theories Change management is a crucial aspect for every organisation. Changes occur in the business environment due to various factors. Change management is vital for the business for the purpose of increasing engagement, minimising resistance, improving the performance of the employees as well as organisations, reduction in the cost and promoting innovations. There are various advantages of change management and these advantages include effective system is developed which helps in delivering quality services, no impact on the routine operations, promotes loyalty among the employees and reduction in the cost of the business (Tudor, 2014). Change management theories or models need to be applied for initiating change so as to reduce the negative impact of these changes on the performance of the business. The process of change management includes adaption to change, controlling the change, implementing the change. Different types of changes can take place which can affect the performance and op erations of the organisation. These different types of changes include tactical changes, technological changes, structural changes, strategic changes and leadership changes. These different types of changes can affect performance, operations and growth chances of the organisation (Smith, 2013). For the purpose of minimising the impact of these changes, there is a need to apply change management theories or models. Different theories and models for change management are discussed below: Cultural web: this approach for change management is used for analysing the culture of the organisation and implementing the change for changing the culture of the organisation. This approach helps in the analysis of the culture of the organisation so as to analyse the gap between the current position and future position where the organisation wants to reach. This helps in the setting priorities and formulating plans for coping with the gaps (Sun, 2008). This approach includes six elements which are stories, rituals and routines, symbols, the structure of the organisation, power structure and control systems. McKinsey 7 S Model: this model includes 7 steps or stages for the management of change. These steps include strategy, structure, system, style, staff, shared values and skills. Strategies are prepared in this model so as to implement them for the implementation of change. This model helps in deciding the structure which business has to adapt for the change management along with the manner in which tasks will be performed for managing change. Values are adopted which need to be followed by the internal stakeholders of the business and developing skills of the employees for implementing change in an effective manner (Jurevicius, 2013). All these stages are followed so as to formulate a plan for the implementation of change. Managers can use this model for developing an understanding of the manner in which organisation is operating. This model enables the managers so combine emotional and practical components of the change for better implementation as well as covering every aspect. Mana gers can implement the technological changes, structural changes, political and legal factors and increasing competition in an effective manner by using this model (Mourfield, 2014). Kotters change management theory: John P. Kotter has developed this theory. This theory is an effective model used for the management of change. It is divided into eight stages for the implementation of change in a better manner. The first stage of this model includes the development of the need for change so as to formulate a base and guiding the next steps. The second stage includes motivating and encouraging employees for gaining their support (Auguste, 2013). In the next stage, the focus is on setting a clear vision for taking initiative towards the proposed change. Next step includes communicating the need of change among the employees. Next step includes allocating roles and responsibilities among the employees for gaining support. Next step includes setting short term goals which organisation needs to achieve. Next stage includes constant efforts for the implementation of the change (Kotter International, 2017). The last step is to implement the change as goals are clearly def ined, roles and responsibilities are allocated and proper planning is done for the implementation of change. Managers can use this eight stages model for formulating plans for implementing the change in a sequence without skipping or missing out any important aspect. Managers can use this model as it enables the managers to follow and incorporate in an easy way. Managers prefer this model as it helps in accepting the change and preparing for the acceptance (Galvin Clark, 2015). Lewins Change Management Model: this model was developed by Kurt Lewin. Lewins model is an effective model for the change management. This model of change management has helped in developing the understanding of the structural and organisational change. This model includes three stages which are unfreeze, change and refreeze. The first stage is unfreeze in which focus is on preparing for the changes (Calder, A. M., 2013). This stage helps in the analysis of the need for change so as to analyse the factors which can resist change. The second stage is changed in which changes take For the implementation of the change, there is a need to analyse the aspects and utilise the leadership, communication motivational and monitoring skills for ensuring the desired outcome. The third stage of this model is refreeze in which focus is on bringing the organisation on stabilised phase. This is done for ensuring that the changes are followed all the time. Managers can use this model of change manage ment for analysing the changes in a clear manner, implementation of the change and bring the operations of the organisation to normal and routine mode (Hussain, 2016). Managers can implement the change in the organisation and attain the stable condition. Nudge Theory: nudge theory is used for the analysis of the behaviour of the individual and decision-making process adopted by the individual. It is vital for the managers to analyse the decision-making process of the employees and behaviour of the employees. This theory will help the managers in analysing the feelings, opinions of the employees and knowledge so as to gain support from the employees for the implementation of the change (Prager, 2012). This theory can be used for the analysis of the existing influence which is affecting the performance of the employees and eliminating the aspects which are affecting the implementation of proposed change. Managers can use this theory for analysing the behaviour of the employees towards the proposed change (Monahan, et. al., 2016). ADKAR model: this model can be used by the managers for the purpose of analysis of the gaps in the current state and the future state. Identification of this gap helps in analysing the measures which can be used for the implementation of the proposed change. The motive behind using this model of change management is to providing support to the employees for coping with the implementation process of change management. This model helps in dealing with the resistance faced by the managers due to the resisting factors (Kazmi and Naarananoja, 2013). This model helps in dividing the change into different parts so as to ensure the effective implementation of the change. ADKAR model includes 5 elements which include awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement. Awareness includes analysing the needs and requirement of change. Desire includes taking part in the implementation process of the change. Knowledge includes the manner in which change will be implemented. Ability includes implementation of the change on regular basis. Reinforcement includes implementation on a regular basis so as to ensure that changes are followed in the organisation (Lowery, 2010). Force field analysis: there are various forces which have the potential to create an impact on the process of change management. These forces or factors are bifurcated into two segments which are driving forces and restraining forces. Driving forces promotes the change and provide support in the implementation of the change (Swanson Creed, 2013). Restraining forces are those forces which act as a resisting element and affect the implementation process of change. Managers can apply this model of change management for analysing the factors which will support the proposed change and helps in implementing the proposed change. Managers can analyse the restraining factors and strategies can be adopted for coping with the restraining factors (Phillips, 2013). Conclusion Change management is a structural approach which provides guidance to the organisation for moving from the current position to the future position. Organisations need to adopt changes for coping with the changing business environment. Different challenges are being faced by the business which results in an adverse impact on the performance of the business. These changes include a change in the structure, change the economic conditions, change in the legal and political aspects, change in the technology, socio-culture change, resistance from the employees and rising competition. Different change management theories can be applied for coping with these changes and changing the manner in which business operates. These theories will help in enhancing the performance of the business and performing the operations in an effective manner. These theories can be used for the formulation of plans for the implementation of the proposed change in the business. Recommendations The business environment in which business exists is changing due to which performance of the business is getting affected. It is vital for a business to deal with these changing aspects of the business environment. For the implementation of the change in an effective manner, managers need to analyse the changes in an effective manner. This analysis will help in analysing the issues which can resist to the implementation process of change. Support of the employees is an important aspect as this support helps in implementing the proposed change and performing the operations in a proper manner. Managers need to develop various skills such as communication skills, leadership skills, motivational skills and monitoring skills so as to cope with the resistance faced by the organisation. These skills will managers to analyse the need of change in a better manner and ensuring the support from the employees. Managers must ensure that the working environment of the business is flexible so as t o implement the change and for gaining the support from the employees for implementing proposed change. Managers must analyse the effect of the change on the future performance of the business. Implementation of the proposed change must be done after analysing the outcome of the change. References Auguste, J., 2013, Applying Kotters 8-Step Process for Leading Change to the Digital Transformation of an Orthopedic Surgical Practice Group in Toronto, Canada, J Health Med Informat. Calder, A. M., 2013, Organizational Change: Models for Successfully Implementing Change, Undergraduate Honors Theses, Paper 144. Collins, R., 2017, For Change Management To Work The Reason Must Be Compelling, APQC. Galvin, T. P. Clark, L. D., 2015, Beyond Kotters Leading Change: A Broad Perspective on Organizational Change for Senior U.S. Military Leaders, United States Army War College Department of Command, Leadership, and Management. Hussain, S. T., Akram, S. L. T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H. Ali, M., 2016, Kurt Lewin's change model: A critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change, Journal of Innovation Knowledge. Jurevicius, O., 2013, McKinsey 7s Model, Strategic management insight. Kazmi, S. A. Z. and Naarananoja, M., 2013, Collection of Change Management Models An Opportunity to Make the Best Choice from the Various Organizational Transformational Techniques, GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR), Vol.2, No.4. Kotter International, 2017, 8-Step process, Kotter International. Lowery, M. S., 2010, Change Management in a Dynamic Information Technology Environment: Inquiries into the Adkar Model for Change Management Results, Regis University. Monahan, K., Murphy, T. Johnson, M., 2016, Humanizing Change: Developing more effective change management strategies, Deloitte Review. Mourfield, R., 2014, Organizational Change: A Guide to Bringing Everyone on Board, SPEA. Phillips, S. W., 2013, Using Volunteers in Policing: A Force Field Analysis of American Supervisors, SAGE Journals. Prager, K., 2012, How to apply theories of behaviour change to SEWeb and related public engagement activities, Scotlands Environment. Smith, C., 2013, Important Theories of Change Management, Change. Sun, S., 2008, Organizational Culture and Its Themes, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 12. Swanson, D. J. Creed, A. S., 2013, Sharpening the Focus of Force Field Analysis, Journal of Change Management, 12 (1). Tudor, L., 2014, Change Management Challenge and Opportunity for Sustainable Development of Romanian Companies, Proceedings of the 8th International Management Conference.

Sonnet 130 Essays - Sonnet 130, Sonnet, BookShakespeares Sonnets

Sonnet 130 ?Sonnet 130? sounds as if it is mocking all of the other poems of Shakespeare's era. Love poems of this time period made women about out to be superficial goddesses. ?Sonnet 130? takes the love poem to a deeper, more intimate level where looks are no longer important and it is inner beauty that matters. Shakespeare paints this picture using a wonderful combination of metaphors and a simile. He starts the poem out with a simile comparing his mistress' eyes to the sun. He then quickly switches over to using the metaphors to compare the rest of his mistress' characteristics, such as her breasts to snow and hair to wires. This poem is written in the traditional Shakespearean sonnet form. It has three quatrains and a couplet. The rhyme scheme for the poem is ababcdcdefefgg The a sound is made of an ?-un? rhyme while the b sound is made of an ?-ed? rhyme. The sound of c is an ?-ite? rhyme and the sound of d is a rhyme of ?-eeks.? The e and f sounds are rhymes of ?-o? and ?-ound? respectively and the g sound is a rhyme of ?-are?, which ends the poem. As to where the setting of this poem is written, I would have to agree with Helen Vendlers view on this. It seems as though Shakespeare had just finished reading a sonnet of the era that was written about someone's mistress having eyes like the sun and lips as red as coral. When he sat down and wrote a poem that said the mistress in the latters poem must be a goddess. His was not, but he loved her anyway for what she was not what she was not. This poem was made to be a mocking view of all the other love poems around. I feel that the format of this sonnet in terms of content and Shakespeare's feelings served two purposes. He wanted first to convey the image that even though his mistress was not as fair as one would hope for, they seemed to share some kind of kinship or bond that no other could share with him, not even his wife. It did not matter to him that she was not as pretty, but only that she is on the same wavelength that he is. Secondly, I feel that he is explaining the fact that he does not necessarily want a mistress that is ravishing, and that all of the qualities that other men see in women are not his own and in fact repulse him. He says in line 13 that he loves the woman and that is rare or extraordinary. Which simply means that he cannot believe that he actually does like another woman that is not beautiful to every extent but she offers something more than just good looks, companionship. The picture of true unconditional love is best presented in William Shakespeare's ?Sonnet 130.? Though his lover's lips are not full, he yearns for them. Though her cheeks are not rosy, he feels her glow. Her hair is certainly not soft and her breath does not project sweet perfume, but he is still truly captivated. She cannot sing to save her life, yet he loves to hear her voice. When she walks you would not call her graceful but he still cherishes her clumsy strides. This is a poem written by a man that has learned to love with his heart and not his eyes. Shakespeare Essays